Political Economy of Social Justice
Dr.R.Murali
Head of Department of Philosophy and Philosophical Research Centre
Madura College (Autonomous), Madurai 625 011.
p “Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can
change the world. In fact, the only thing that has always been strong .”- Margaret Mead
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social justice refers to the concept of justice applied to an entire society. It is based on the idea of a just society which gives individuals and groups fair treatment and a fair share of company profits. Therefore, many ethical areas for action. The economy is one of the biggest areas of ethics. According to Aristotle, the economy is a practical expression of a fundamental ethics forces, rooted in justice. This concept of justice is described as distributive justice or fair share for all. In other words, the idea of social justice has been adopted as rooted in moral or common sense and the economy can not be separated from the situation. Similarly, economics and politics are inextricably linked. Social justice is both a philosophical problem and an important question in political economy.
Arguably everyone wants to live in a just society, but different political ideologies have different concepts of what constitutes a “fair society” really is. The term “social justice” is trying to use the ideologies of those who believe that today’s society is very unfair – and these are usually left-wing ideologies, advocates greater use of the redistribution of income and democracy, more egalitarian society and economy, gold is mixed outside market economic model. right wing has its own concept of social justice, but believes that it is best perception of meritocracy, the functioning of free market and promote philanthropy and philoanthropy. Both right and left tend to agree on the importance of rule of law rights, and some form of social safety net (though the left supports this page for a broader Since the law) .
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Many philosophers like Thomas Aquinas, Locke, Bentham, Mill, Kant and others have discussed the problem their social justice work. At the end of the twentieth century, the idea of social justice have been widely associated with political philosopher John Rawls (1921-2002) on the basis of utilitarian ideas of Bentham and Mill, the social contract ideas of Locke, and categorically imperative ideas of Kant. His first statement was made in the theory of justice (1971) when I suggested that “Every person possesss an integrity based on justice that even the welfare of society as a whole may be an advantage. Denier justice because the loss of freedom for some is just a greater good shared by others “in the proposition that echoes Kant’s ethics in the development of morality justice to absolutism. His views are definitely back in the political liberalism (1993 ), where the company is considered “fair system of cooperation over time from one generation to another.” (A p. 14).
these philosophers with several others argue that social justice is that the redistribution of wealth, power and status of the individual, community and good society. OF Others argue that the government (or thoose, who hold great power) is responsible for ensuring basic quality of life for all its citizens.
It is therefore very clear that economic growth leaders of society are closely connected with social justice. It is also true that everyone in the world today, many advocates of social justice are in a state of despair. Some of them fear that social justice is a lost cause in a global economy
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liberalism. of social justice that economic freedom
liberal capitalism, the economic model, super, garlic and pervasive promotion of which is now practiced worldwide has been subjected to heavy scrutiny by economists, not only because of economic recession, but also and especially for value systems of destabilization in the country and assume responsibility for social injustice in the world.
Friedrich Hayek, Nobel laureate and one of the biggest defenders of liberal democracy Twentieth Century Capitalism, has said that “… nothing has done so much to destroy the legal safeguards of individual freedom that efforts after this mirage of social justice. “We do not have to spend much time reading jaundice in the history of struggles for social justice. What is, however, it is interesting to note explicitly social justice and historical presumption that we have freedoms in contemporary capitalism are not only different from each another, but antagonistic.
Sat Ginda in her article on “anti-capitalism and social justice” highly critical stance of Hayek. He said what so many others that Hayek and his obscure credit to respond directly, is that inequality is unfortunate aberration under capitalism, but the inevitable result and a prerequisite for successful economic operation. Capitalism is what is surely the most clear today it is always been, a social system based on class and competition. Such a society guarantees not only the inequality of outcome, but as the results of inequality which are passed through the institution of family and unequal division of capitalist development, inequality is reproduced from generation to generation and interregional. This leads to unequal opportunities decisively.
This is not surprising that the most clear defenders of capitalism seeks to move the field of debate on the legitimacy of capitalism spread or concepts of equal opportunities, social justice, to notions of individual freedom and free market in particular. Ginda noted that a person is calm at the center of a world in which the idea of community or group is limited to the old enemy of the state -liberalism. Liberalism then trying to limit state power not only by the rule of law, freedom of expression and association, assembly and selected, but also and especially property rights, the inviolability of the contract in exchange for market protection of areas of family and the private sector to enjoy the fruits of property and labor.
There is no denying a strong attraction of this structure practice. both civil and Political Rights and unprecedented historic opportunity and economic dynamism of higher levels of life in which it rested. But the reality of class inequality behind this structure can not be so easily put into fallow. contradictions of liberal justice is that market economy creates a market society and that private property is not and has never been a connection between people and things, but relations between people. Historically, the creation of markets and private property are not as liberal mythology attempts to present it in terms of bringing the country to stay away so natural tendency of a person can develop. Private property in particular emerged with the support of the absolutist state controlled by the interest received unconditionally states that property rights were influenced by traditional obligations. These interests, with the support of the State it has expropriated land before Commons-accessible community for their personal use. The need to replicate this type of property rights and privileges they should include in a state of constant strong, active, and class-biased. Today, a deep desire to extend these rights is a form of neo-liberal.
inequalities of capitalism, it is important to note not only to do a little more and others less less, but rather that economic freedom is to ensure that capitalism embodies a different kind of freedom for different people. The minority economic freedom in the revolver to organize production and accumulate energy to break free to sell the productive potential of labor market and based on that, to exercise some personal choice in consumer markets. This minority accumulates in freedom includes the authority on the work of others and thus his personality. Freedom / right to sell their production potential and to exercise some choice consumer markets, however, is based on dependence on those who provide jobs and products available for consumption.
neoliberal response to September return acquired outside the social boundaries which historically has redefined liberalism in practice after the Second World War. Neo-liberalism appointed strategy that aimed to put capitalism is clearly the path of development, as yet incomplete Accelerating its efforts to commodify and in all walks of life so open-profit and social discipline imposed by profit. It is not just a matter of expanding markets in space (“globalization”), but depth of penetration of national markets of the financial year, personnel, or cultural area successfully escape the authority of the capitalist calculation. As democracy is trying to recreate the protections against anti-logic of markets, the implementation of neo-liberalism has also meant a decline in one way or another democracy, really.
is to note some important criticisms of neo-liberalism from its own supporters. Joseph Stiglitz, former World Bank economist and Nobel Prize in Economics in 2001, is an ardent proponent of globalization itself, says that “globalization today is not working for many poor around the world. It does not work for much of the environment. It does not work for the stability of world economy. “He wrote this on the basis of careful observation:” I saw it radically changes its vision of globalization and development … I have seen firsthand the devastating effect that globalization can have on the countries development. “Stiglitz accuses the West, that” through the IMF and the World Trade Organisation -. A seriously ill in the process of privatization, liberalization and stabilization, and after its opinion that the Third World and former State Communists are actually worse than before
George Soros , another architect of the global notes that “we have global markets but we can not build a global society without taking into account ethical considerations” He said that the U.S. is the main obstacle to international cooperation today. He is strongly against international arrangement which would infringe its sovereignty. The list is long, including the ICC Court, mini-Treaty, the Kyoto Protocol, many ILO conventions, conventions and many others like Arcane Law of the Sea and the Convention on Biological Diversity. So said that the continued hegemony of the commas in direct conflict with the vision of Global Open Society. U.S. want to be indifferent engine.
It is not simply to eradicate poverty, but reducing inequality. The first is impossible to resolve without resolving the second. The real problem, again, is not absolute, but resources Social distance and varying degrees of control over their own resources. And this is true in every society.
In this context, Habermas adds to the socio-cultural political economy . Habermas to tie economic globalization and global terrorism, but do not believe that ultimately is a manifestation of culture shock. Instead Habermas regards terrorism as an economic approach based on the gross injustice committed by globalization. Accordingly, Habermas regards international terrorism as a result of failure of communication and does not constitute an external threat to modernity.
This gives the liberal sociologist Richard Munch fear that we will be facing depletion of non-renewable resources, cultural alienation on a large scale, and social explosion if we do Political fencing in which markets are, so to speak, running overloaded and weakened the United Nations.
Habermas writes in 1997, globalization threatens to dissolve the glue Social takes place already fragmented national companies. “In Germany, questions of nation, national identity and culture, and finding the Aryan” social glue “must also have the option of globalization” national unification. Anti-globalization, as elsewhere, aims to protect local identity, economy and culture of the EU and the “empire” of the most influential in America.
Amartya Sen, the main issue of contention is not globalization itself, or use the market as an institution, but inequality overall balance of institutional arrangements -. which produces very unequal distribution the benefits of globalization, he says the problem is not just whether something bad also benefit, globalization, but whether they will receive. equitable and fair opportunity There is an urgent need to reform institutional arrangements – in addition to the national airwaves – to overcome the errors of omission and commission thoose this tendency to give the world’s poor, such as limited opportunities. Globalization deserves a reasoned defense, but also needs reform.
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globalization: the path of injustice
globalization not only affect all aspects of life, but also the impact of social institutions to a large extent. It runs on irregular and uneven. In neo-liberal economy, namely, liberalization, privatization and globalization have exacerbated the inequality and injustice in society. A small part of the world’s population owns most resources and decision most people live in poverty.
Before melting, there was one, 3 billion people in extreme poverty in the world who survive on less than one day. There was an additional 1.5 billion poorest who live every day. This means that 2.8 billion, almost half of the world family is living in a day or less (Sider, 2002). But now things have gone worse.
very affordable lack of drinking water (1 billion). And they have no access to improved sanitation (2 billion ..) These poor conditions of public health, as approximately 34 000 children die every day from diarrhea and other easily preventable diseases (Sider, 2002).
In response to the question “What is globalization? Susan George, President of the Globalisation Observatory in Paris, Associate Director of the Transnational Institute in Amsterdam, and author of nine books, said that is now world government – which is not democratic, a group of people can change the future of others who are not included in decision making. Its purpose is to put all human activity in the market, including education, culture and health. Globalization is responsible for pushing wealth upward, both between countries and within them. Since 1980, each country has experienced increasing inequalities. 85% of people live in countries where inequalities are increasing and that includes China, Russia, E. Europe and Western Europe and U.S. united, and at the same time growing inequalities between North and South.
She gave an example of a champagne glass upside down, showing 20
